Fig. 5

Effects of crude extracts on R. solanacearum cell morphology and conductivity. a crude extracts of B. velezensis D at 150 μg/mL caused abnormalities in the morphology of the R. solanacearum cells observed by SEM. The cell suspensions of R. solanacearum without the lipopeptides treatment was used as a control. Red arrow indicated the holes on the cell wall surface, and scale bars represent 1 µm. b The effect of crude extracts at 150 μg/mL on the R. solanacearum conductivity. Cell suspensions of R. solanacearum without the crude extracts treatment were used as control. Data are presented as the mean ± SD based on three biological replicates; P-values were determined by LSD post-hoc test. Different letters represent significant difference