Fig. 1

Type III effectors play critical roles in the pathogenic infection of Pss van Hall in sorghum. a Representative seedling and leaves of sorghum infected with Pss van Hall. Two-week-old sorghum plants were treated with Pss van Hall or the ΔhrpL strain for 2 days at 12 °C and then kept at 25 °C for an additional 3 days. b The DNA level of the pathogen Histone gene, which is normalized to the DNA level of the sorghum gene SbEIF4A. Data are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 3). c Representative N. benthamiana leaf infected with Pss van Hall or the ΔhrpL strain. Leaves from five-week-old N. benthamiana were infiltrated with Pss van Hall or the ΔhrpL strain for 2 days at 25 °C. d Conductivity measurement of Pss van Hall- or ΔhrpL-infiltrated N. benthamiana leaves. Data are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 5). All experiments were repeated three times with similar results. Significant differences were detected using Student's t test. ** p < 0.01; **** p < 0.0001