Fig. 4From: Scopoletin negatively regulates the HOG pathway and exerts antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea by interfering with infection structures, cell wall, and cell membrane formationScopoletin affects cell wall and cell membrane formation. a Propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence assay of B. cinerea mycelia. Mycelia were treated with 50 μg/mL scopoletin for 3 h. b PI fluorescence assay of B. cinerea conidia. Conidia were harvested and treated with 50 μg/mL scopoletin for 3 h. c Calcofluor white (CFW) staining of B. cinerea conidia. Conidia were harvested and treated with 50 μg/mL scopoletin for 3 h. d Scopoletin treatment significantly increased the protoplast formation of B. cinerea. Fresh hyphae were first treated with 50 μg/mL scopoletin for 3 h, and then incubated for 2 h in 0.6 M KCl containing 0.25% lysing enzymes before microscopic examination. Values on the bars followed by different letters are significantly different at P = 0.05Back to article page