Fig. 1

Overexpression of GmMRLK32 suppresses PTI responses in N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis. a Phylogenetic analysis of GmMRLK32, GmLMM1, and some GmMRLKs tandem repeats on chromosome 13. b GmMRLK32 suppresses flg22-induced ROS in N. benthamiana. Agrobacterium strains carrying empty vector (EV), GmMRLK32, GmLMM1, or GmMRLK36 were infiltrated into N. benthamiana for 2 days, and subjected to flg22-induced ROS examination and the relative luminescence unit (RLU) value was recorded. GmMRLK36 was used as a negative control. (Mean ± SD, n ≥ 6, Student’s t-test; *** p < 0.001). c GmMRLK32 suppresses flg22-induced MAPK in N. benthamiana. Agrobacterium strains carrying empty vector (EV), GmMRLK32, GmLMM1, or GmMRLK36 were infiltrated into N. benthamiana for 2 days, and subjected to flg22-induced MAPK examination by anti-pERK immunoblots. Quantitative analysis of MAPK intensity was performed using imageJ and numbers on top of the gel blots indicate ratio of MAPK/Rubisco. d GmMRLK32 suppresses flg22-induced ROS production in Arabidopsis. GmMRLK32-HA was introduced into Arabidopsis by Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation and independent stable transgenic lines were subjected to flg22-induced ROS examination. (Mean ± SD, n ≥ 6, Student’s t-test; *** p < 0.001). e GmMRLK32 suppresses flg22-induced MAPK activation in Arabidopsis. Independent GmMRLK32-HA stable transgenic lines were subjected to flg22-induced MAPK examination by anti-pERK immunoblots. Quantitative analysis of MAPK intensity was performed using imageJ and numbers on top of the gel blots indicate ratio of MAPK/Rubisco. f GmMRLK32 suppresses flg22-induced ROS production in a kinase-independent manner. The wild-type and kinase dead forms (K562E) of GmMRLK32 were expressed in N. benthamiana plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression for 2 days, and subjected to flg22-induced ROS examination. (Mean ± SD, n ≥ 6, Student’s t-test; *** p < 0.001). The experiments repeated three times