Botanical extracts control the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum boninense in smallholder production of common bean

Table 1 Fungal growth inhibition rate of C. boninense on agar plates by botanical extracts

Treatment	Day 3		Day 6		Day 9
Treatment	Water	Ethanol	Water	Ethanol	Water	Ethanol
Control − untreated	0.0 c	0.0 c	0.0 d	0.0 c	0.0 b	0.0 c
Allium sativum	100.0 a	100.0 a	95.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	97.6 b
Annona muricata	100.0 a	100.0 a	95.0 a	100.0 a	89.6 a	100.0 a
Azadirachta indica	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a
Carica papaya	94.5 b	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a
Dysphania ambrosioides	100.0 a	100.0 a	95.0 a	100.0 a	95.5 a	100.0 a
Ipomoea batatas	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a
Lippia javanica	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a
Ocimum gratissimum	94.5 b	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a
Tagetes minuta	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a	100.0 a
Ximenia caffra	91.1 b	100.0 a	42.9 c	100.0 a	77.7 a	100.0 a
Zingiber officinale	94.5 b	100.0 a	72.5 b	100.0 a	81.9 a	100.0 a
Control + Mancolaxyl	100.0 a	100.0 a	87.6 ab	100.0 a	70.1 a	100.0 a
Control + Bioderma	100.0 a	93.6 b	95.1 a	90.6 b	88.9 a	100.0 a
R² (%)	0.998	1.000	0.964	0.994	0.870	0.999
F	996.355	515420.616	57.533	388.762	14.473	1758.538
Pr (> F)	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

Analysis of Variance (n = 3) followed by Fisher’s LSD test where treatments in the same column with different letters are significantly different at the 95% confidence interval