Fig. 2

Analysis of cell death and defense responses in Nb induced by XopL from Xoo. a Phenotype of infiltrated leaves at 7 dpi. Experiments were repeated five times with similar results. b Detection of cell death using Evans blue. The inoculated leaves were stained and photographed at 7 dpi. Picture was representative of three repeats. c Expression of defense-related genes at 4 dpi in Nb plants transformed with pHB-xopL or empty pHB. Mean values ± SD (n = 3) are shown. Results are representative of three independent replicates. d, e Detection of ROS (H₂O₂) accumulation at 3 and 6 dpi, respectively, using diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining. Experiments were performed three times with the same results