Fig. 5

CSEP0139 and CSEP0182 promote Bgh virulence in barley. a Overexpression of CSEP0139 and CSEP0182 increased Bgh haustorium formation in barley. One-week-old barley leaves (P01) were bombarded with GUS reporter along with pUBi-CSEP0139 or pUBi-CSEP0182 construct, respectively. Leaves were inoculated with spores of virulent isolate BghA6 or avirulent isolate BghK1 at 4 h after bombardment. Bgh haustorium index (%) was microscopically scored at 48 hpi. EV: empty vector. Error bar indicates SD, and similar experiments were repeated three times. The asterisk represents significant differences from EV at P < 0.01, determined by Student’s t test. b Silencing of CSEP0139 and CSEP0182 reduced Bgh haustorium formation in barley. The experimental setting was the same as in (a), with pIPK007 as the empty vector; HIGS constructs, pIPK007-CSEP0139 and pIPK007-CSEP0139, were constructed and used for silencing of CSEP0139 and CSEP0182, respectively. Inoculation of virulent isolate BghA6 spores was carried out at 48 h after bombardment. Bgh haustorium index of each transformation was normalized to that of the empty vector pIPK007 (set to 100%). pIPK007-Mlo was used as a positive control. Data show the average values and SD, similar experiments were repeated three times. Means with different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05). Duncan’s multiple range test was used to compare all the means