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Fig. 1 | Phytopathology Research

Fig. 1

From: Targeted isolation of biocontrol agents from plants through phytopathogen co-culture and pathogen enrichment

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram illustrating the targeted isolation of potential biocontrol agents from a plant-pathogen co-culture system by enriching for specific pathogens. The plant samples of interest were selected for surface sterilization with 75% ethanol, and then a high-speed blender (S1#) was used to crush the sample with sterilized water to produce a sample liquid mixture called plant juice (S2#). Left panel: Targeted isolation based on pathogen-enrichment approach. The corresponding pathogen for kiwifruit (a), turfgrass (b) or rice (c) in the following steps was added into the corresponding plant juice prior to co-inoculation (S3#). In this process, potential host-derived biocontrol agents (BCAs) were expected to be enriched by “eating” fed bacterial pathogens or by attaching and preying on fungal mycelia (S4#). This pathogen enrichment process can be directed to isolate a range of host-derived bacteria (S5#). These bacteria were randomly selected and tested for their antibacterial and/or antifungal activity by a typical method called the dual-culture method (S6#), resulting in the isolation of 3 potential bacterial biocontrol agents, named antibacterial ZK-1 derived from kiwifruit, antifungal ZK-2 derived from turfgrass seeds, and antibacterial and antifungal ZK-3 derived from rice seeds (S7#). Right panel: Direct isolation based on traditional approach. The plant juice of  kiwifruit (d), turfgrass (e) or rice (f) without any pathogens (S3#). The following steps (S4#–S7#) were similar to the left panel

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