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Table 3 Sphingolipid metabolism-related proteins involved in plant immunity

From: Sphingolipids in plant immunity

Protein

Experimental condition

Immune response

Mechanisms

References

AtLCB2b

Expression of AtFBR41 in tomato

A. alternata (R)

AAL-toxin resistance

(Shao et al. 2019)

NbLCB1

VIGS of NbLCB1

P. cichoriiis (S)

Cell death

(Takahashi et al. 2009)

NbLCB2

VIGS of NbLCB2

P. cichoriiis (S), A. alternata (S)

Cell death, SA

(Takahashi et al. 2009; Rivas-San Vicente et al. 2013)

 

NbLCB2 OE

P. cichoriiis (R)

Cell death

(Takahashi et al. 2009)

BcLCB2

Expression of BcLCB2 in Nicotiana tabacum

R. solanacearum (R)

Cell death

(Gan et al. 2009)

OsLCB2a1

OsLCB2a1 OE

M. persicae (R)

Callose, wax, SA

(Begum et al. 2016)

AtORM1/2

orm1 amiR-ORM2, ORM1 RNAi, ORM2 RNAi, and orm1 or orm2

P. syringae (R), enhanced ROS response to flg22

SA, degradation of FLS2 by selective autophagy

(Li et al. 2016; Yang et al. 2019a)

 

ORM1 OE and ORM2 OE

P. syringae (S), reduced ROS response to flg22

  

AtLCBK1

lcbk1-2, lcbk1-3

P. syringae (S), reduced stomata response to flg22, or SA

Induction of stomatal closure by t18:0-P, and crosstalk with SA

(Gupta and Nandi 2020; Gupta et al. 2020)

AtSPHK1

sphk1-2, SPHK1-KD

No treatment

Callose

(Iswanto et al. 2020)

AtSPHK1

Expression of AtSPHK1 in tobacco BY-2 cells

Proteinaceous elicitor cryptogein (R)

ROS

(Coursol et al. 2015)

AtDPL1

dpl1

P. syringae and P. syringae avrRPM1 (S), and B. cinerea (R)

Cell death, SA, JA

(Magnin-Robert et al. 2015)

OsSPL1

OsSPL1-OE

P. syringae (S)

PR genes

(Zhang et al. 2014)

AtSLD1/2

sld1 sld2

P. syringae (R), and V. dahlia (R)

Callose

(Ning-Jing et al. 2019)

AtLOH1

loh1-2

Cytotoxins NLP proteins (R)

GIPCs as receptors of NLPs

(Lenarčič et al. 2017)

AtLOH1/2/3

LOH1/2/3 OE

No treatment

SA

(Luttgeharm et al. 2015)

AtFAH1/2

fah1/fah2, fah1c (CRISPR/Cas9-based mutant) fah2

P. syringae (R), G. cichoracearum (R), cytotoxins NLP proteins (R), reduced long-term ROS response to rhamnolipids, reduced ROS response to flg22 and chitin

GIPCs as receptors of NLPs, PTI

(Konig et al. 2012; Lenarčič et al. 2017; Schellenberger et al. 2021; Ukawa et al. 2022)

OsFAH1/2

OsFAH1/2-KD

M. oryzae (S)

PTI

(Nagano et al. 2016)

PpS4H

s4h

No treatment

Callose

(Gomann et al. 2021)

AtACD5

acd5

P. syringae (S), B. cinerea (S), G. cichoracearum UCSC1 (R)

SA, ROS, cell death

(Greenberg et al. 2000; Wang et al. 2008; Bi et al. 2014)

AtACD11

acd11, VIGS of AtACD11

P. capsici (R)

SA, ROS, cell death

(Brodersen et al. 2002; Li et al. 2019)

AtACER

acer-1 and amiR-ACER-1

P. syringae (S), reduced ROS response to flg22

PTI signaling

(Wu et al. 2015b)

AtNCER1

ncer1

No treatment

JA

(Zienkiewicz et al. 2019)

AtNCER2

ncer2

No treatment

SA

(Zienkiewicz et al. 2019)

AtIPCS2

erh1

G. cichoracearum (R), P. syringae (S)

Cell death, SA

(Wang et al. 2008)

AtGONST1

gonst1-2

No treatment

SA, ROS, cell death, cellulose

(Mortimer et al. 2013)

AtGONST2

gonst2-1

G. orontii (R), B. cinerea (S)

SA, ROS, cell death, cellulose

(Jing et al. 2021)

IPUT1

pLAT52:IPUT1 iput1/iput1

No treatment

SA, ROS, cell death

Tartaglio et al. 2017)

AtGMT1

gmt1-1, gmt1-3

No treatment

SA, ROS, cell death

(Fang et al. 2016)

AtGCS

gcs-2

No treatment

Callose

(Iswanto et al. 2020)

  1. R, resistant; S, sensitive; KD, knockdown; OE, overexpressing line; At, Arabidopsis thaliana; Os, Oryza sativa; Bc, Brassica campestris; Pp: Physcomitrium patens; P. syringae, Pseudomonas syringae; B. cinerea, Botrytis cinerea; A. alternata, Alternaria alternata; F. verticillioides, Fusarium verticillioides; V. dahlia, Verticillium dahlia; G. orontii, Golovinomyces orontii; G. cichoracearum, Golovinomyces cichoracearum; M. oryzae, Magnaporthe oryzae; M. persicae, Myzus persicae; P. capsica, Phytophthora capsici; R. solanacearum, Ralstonia solanacearum; M. sexta, Manduca sexta; SPT, serine palmitoyltransferase; LCB, long-chain base; LCB-P, long-chain base-phosphate; Cer, ceramide; hCer, hydroxyceramide; SA, salicylic acid; ROS, reactive oxygen species; LCB2b, subunit of SPT; LCB2, subunit of SPT; LCB2a1, subunit of SPT; ORM1/2, orosomucoid-like proteins; LCBK1, LCB kinase; SPHK1, sphingosine kinase; DPL1, dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate lyase1; SPL1, sphingosine-1 phosphate lyase; SLD1/2, sphingoid LCB desaturase; LOH1, ceramide synthase; FAH1/2, fatty acid alphahydroxylase; S4H, LCB C-4 hydroxylase; ACD5, ceramide kinase; ACD11, ceramide-P transporter; ACER, alkaline ceramidase; IPCS2, inositol phosphorylceramide synthase 2; GONST1/2, Golgi nucleotide sugar transporter; IPUT1, inositol phosphorylceramide glucuronosyltransferase; GMT1, GIPC mannosyl-transferase; GINT1, GIPC transferase; GCS, glucosylceramide synthase