Fig. 6From: The histone deacetylase Cfhos2 is a key epigenetic factor regulating appressorium development and pathogenesis in apple Glomerella leaf spot fungus Colletotrichum fructicolaInfection of ΔCfhos2 mutant elicits stronger plant defense reactions. Infected apple leaves were sampled at 2–4 days post-inoculation (dpi). Fungal infectious hyphae were visualized with the aid of FITC-WGA staining. a At the early infection phase, WT differentiates elongated invasive hyphae (left) whereas ΔCfhos2 (Δhos2-4) differentiates spherical vesicles with distorted branches (right), the mutant also elicits cytoplasmic condensation or browning of apple epidermal cells (rightmost). b Infectious hyphae of ΔCfhos2 (Δhos2-4) induces stronger degree of mesophyll cell browning than WT (1104-6). c Distortion of infectious hyphae of the ΔCfhos2 (Δhos2-4) mutant. Scale bars in a and c represent 20 μm, scale bars in b represent 50 μmBack to article page