Fig. 5

Nanoparticle-dsRNA complexes improved the uptake of dsRNA by fungal cells. a Rhizoctonia solani mycelium plugs (5 mm diameter) and fluorescent YFP-dsRNA-nanoparticle complexes (dsRNA: 50 ng/μL) were co-incubated on PDA medium and the fluorescence signal was observed in the cytoplasm of R. solani cells. Samples were treated with MNase for 30 min before images were taken. Scale bars = 10 µm. b Relative fluorescence intensities were analyzed using ImageJ software. Data are means ± SD of three replicates. **Indicates significant difference at P < 0.01 (Student’s t-test)