Fig. 5

The function of natural variation of coat protein (CP) from different CWMV isolates on CWMV infection. a, b The accumulation of CWMV RNA (a) and protein (b) in the systemic leaves of wheat plants inoculated with LF-2021, JS-2006, or YT-1999 at 28 dpi. LF-2021, JS-2006, and YT-1999 represent of the CWMV infectious clones containing CP from a previous isolate Langfang-2021, Jiangsu-2006, and Yantai-1999_1, respectively. The values were normalized to those for the reference gene (TaCDC) and are presented as fold changes in expression relative to that in wheat leaves inoculated with LF-2021, JS-2006, and YT-1999. Asterisks indicate significant differences in expression between wheat leaves inoculated with JS-2006 and LF-2021 when analyzed using a Student’s t-test (P < 0.05). The CWMV protein accumulation was determined by estern blot using CP specific antibody. c The phenotype of wheat plants inoculated with JS-2006 and LF-2021 at 40 days post-infiltration (dpi). d Systemic mosaic symptoms in systemic leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with JS-2006 and LF-2021 at 40 dpi. e Relative expression level of CWMV CP in the systemic leaves of N. benthamiana plants infected with LF-2021, JS-2006, and YT-1999. Values and error bars represent the mean ± SE of three independent biological replicates with three technical replicates per sample, *, P < 0.05 based on Student’s t-test. f Western blot analysis of CWMV CP accumulation in the systemic leaves of N. benthamiana plants infected with LF-2021, JS-2006, and YT-1999 using CWMV CP specific antibody