Fig. 3

Leafhoppers captured in Anhui Province transmit SoSGV to soybean. a The time flow chart of two SoSGV transmission experiments. b PCR detecting SoSGV in soybean seedlings infested or non-infested by leafhoppers. SoSGV was amplified using primer pair #3133 and #3144. The gene coding for soybean β-tubulin (GmTUBB) was amplified via PCR as a loading control. Different lanes represent different plants tested using PCR. c Leaf symptoms of soybean seedlings at 12 days post leafhopper infestation. Non-infested leaves were shown. d An adult common brown leafhopper (Orosius orientalis) from Anhui Province feeding on a soybean leaf. e Detection of SoSGV in leafhoppers unable to survive the 14 days rearing on soybean seedlings. The gene coding for Histone 3 was used as a loading control. f PCR detecting SoSGV in soybean seedlings infested or non-infested by leafhoppers in the 2nd experiment. See further detail in panel b. g Detection of SoSGV in the raised colony of common brown leafhopper. The gene coding for Histone 3 was used as a loading control. Water and a plasmid containing SoSGV genome DNA were used as negative (N) and positive (P) controls, respectively