Fig. 7

Effects of π-stackings on CP accumulation and cell-to-cell movement of WMV. a GFP fluorescence and b relative GFP fluorescence intensities in the N. benthamiana leaf patches expressing GFP-WMVCP, one of its 16 mutants derived from aromatic residues (F¹⁰⁵, W¹⁰⁸, Y¹⁰⁹, Y¹¹⁶, F¹³⁰, W¹³³, W¹⁴⁷, Y¹⁵⁸, F¹⁷⁸, Y¹⁸⁵, Y¹⁹⁵, Y¹⁹⁹, Y²¹³, F²¹⁵, F²¹⁷ and Y²¹⁸) that could form π-stacking, or one of three mutants derived from aromatic residues (Y⁸⁸, F⁹⁶ and F²⁴⁸) that could not form π-stacking at 5 dpai. Pictures were photographed under UV light. GFP fluorescence intensity was determined by a multi-function microplate reader. c The number of cells showing GFP fluorescence per infection locus induced by 16 WMV-GFP mutants derived from aromatic residues (F¹⁰⁵, W¹⁰⁸, Y¹⁰⁹, Y¹¹⁶, F¹³⁰, W¹³³, W¹⁴⁷, Y¹⁵⁸, F¹⁷⁸, Y¹⁸⁵, Y¹⁹⁵, Y¹⁹⁹, Y²¹³, F²¹⁵, F²¹⁷ and Y²¹⁸) that could form π-stacking at 5 dpai. The values are the means ± SD from 30 infection foci per treatment. Treatments marked with the same lowercase letters have no significant statistical difference. The inoculation tests were repeated three times independently. ‘Δ’ indicates the codon for the residue has been deleted