Fig. 1

Disease symptoms caused by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and genome organization of TYLCV. a Disease symptoms induced by TYLCV in Solanum lycopersicum plants in the field. b Specific DNA bands detected in infected tomato plants by PCR using TYLCV-specific primers. Lanes 1 and 2 indicate DNA extracted from two independent TYLCV-infected S. lycopersicum plants. M: DNA ladder marker, NC: negative control using DNA extracted from uninfected tomato plants. c Schematic representation of TYLCV genomic organization. Open reading frames encoded on the virion-sense (V) strand and complementary-sense (c) strand are denoted (V1, V2, C1, C2, C3, and C4); the new ORFs V3 and C5 have been identified recently (Gong et al. 2021). d Disease symptoms induced in Nicotiana benthamiana (Nb), S. lycopersicum (Sl), and Arabidopsis thaliana (At) plants agroinoculated with mock (empty vector) or the infectious clones of TYLCV. Plants were photographed at 25 days post inoculation (dpi). Bars = 9 cm. e Western blot analysis of total proteins from (d) with anti-TYLCV-coat protein (CP) antibodies. Ponceau S staining of the large Rubisco subunit (RbcL) served as the loading control. Note: The TYLCV Beijing isolate (GenBank Accession No. MN432609) was used in this figure