Fig. 4

Identification of O. orientalis as the transmission vector of SoSGV. a Habitus picture of an adult common brown leafhopper (O. orientalis) collected in the field. b Soybean plants that were fed on by SoSGV-viruliferous O. orientalis developed thicker and darker-green foliage, numerous flat pods, and seeds with abnormal pod-filling at 4 months post infestation. The left panel in each figure represents plants infested with leafhopper. c The agronomic traits were counted at 4 months post infestation. d COI DNA barcoding sequences of 58 Orosius reference species including all 12 known Orosius species and two indeterminate Orosius (sp. # 1; sp. # 44) were retrieved from NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Phylogenetic tree constructed by the ML method showing relationships among these reference Orosius species and O. orientalis. The bootstrap confidence values were generated by 1000 replications. The GenBank accession numbers of all the reference sequences used are listed