Fig. 3From: Development of a portable DNA extraction and cross-priming amplification (CPA) tool for rapid in-situ visual diagnosis of plant diseasesDNA extraction efficiency assessment of modified SMA-Device extraction method. Comparison of PCR amplification efficiency (a), concentration (b), and Ct values (c) of extracted DNA using CTAB, Flat Patch, and SMA-Device extraction. a Gel electrophoresis showing amplification products of the StEF1α gene. N, Negative control. b A Nanodrop spectrophotometer determined the DNA concentrations. c Ct values of extracted DNA were calculated through qPCR analysisBack to article page