Fig. 4

Population dynamics of R. reniformis and treatment efficacy in greenhouse experiments in the years 2021 and 2022. a The population density of R. reniformis on C. melo roots under different treatments in 2021. b The population density of R. reniformis in the rhizosphere soil of C. melo under different treatments in 2021. c The population density of R. reniformis on C. melo roots under different treatments in 2022. d The population density of R. reniformis in the rhizosphere soil of C. melo under different treatments in 2022. The C. melo plants were transplanted into infested soil on September 24^th, 2021 and October 2^nd, 2022. The number of R. reniformis in C. melo roots and rhizosphere soil was recorded 3 days after the transplanting of C. melo seedlings. S: soil solarization; F: fosthiazate; SF: combination of soil solarization and fosthiazate; SC: combination of soil solarization and chitooligosaccharide copper; BC: blank control; dat: days after transplanting