Fig. 3

The GOLD domain of Pb257 is required for induced cell death and root swelling. a Various truncation mutants were constructed and transiently expressed through agroinfiltration in N. benthamiana leaves. Photographs were taken at 4 days after agroinfiltration. Numbers e.g., 24/26, indicate that 24 of 26 infiltrated leaves exhibiting cell-death. b Expression of Pb257 and the proteins of various truncation mutants in infiltrated leaves were detected by Western blotting. The anti-GFP antibody was used. c The root expressing of various truncation mutants were checked under a confocal laser scanning microscope. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used as a control (CK), the fusion proteins of GFP with Pb257, the GOLD domain of Pb257 (25-G), and 44–65 aa of the GOLD domain (25-M1), respectively, were expressed in the roots of B. rapa. Green fluorescence appeared in root hair and root epidermis. d The growth of roots after control treatment (CK) or transient over-expression of Pb257, 25-G, and 25-M1 in B. rapa. Photographs were taken for 17-day seedlings. Small gall appearing at the root tip is marked by the circle. The experiment was replicated three times. e Statistics on plants with swollen or stubby roots. Panels on right show the proportion of roots where small galls or stubby were present (green) and absent (orange). 50–60 seedlings in each treatment group were used for analysis. Significant difference was determined by Student’s t test. ***P < 0.001